The effect of gender minority status on womens experience of Essay

The effect of gender minority status on womens experience of male-dominated work and mens experience of female-dominated work - Essay Example They were established at a time when those roles made sense for the survival of the human race as is realized with the dedicated role of women in child care. But with advancing technology, some of the roles that have been attributed to various gender is becoming obsolete. However, people still make assumptions about roles of men and women through these stereotypical notions that claim to apply to all men and women in the world. Some of the roles associated with women include preparing and serving food but most important, taking care of children. Even with the games that are played at this age, it is evident that women are supposed to stay at home, cook, clean and take care of the children while males are supposed to go to work. From a young age, boys are taught more roles that are considered 'manly' like mowing the lawn and taking out the trash instead of the more 'womanly' roles of cleaning the house (Chodorow, 2004). The stereotypes however do not apply to all men and women in society. Each individual in society is often free to act as they please, a factor that has realized an increase in the number of women who have taken up manly roles and vice versa (Schein, 2005). It is considered normal for a woman to pursue roles that are manlier like construction and men to pursue roles that are more feminine like cooking and cleaning.Gender should not be the basis by which a person's identity is created; it should merely be a part of someone's personality. It is on the basis of this understanding that conflicting roles have come up for both men and women in society. Gender minority status results when a person decides to engage in a profession that is considered less suitable for their gender. (Lupton, 2000). They are thus considered the minority members of the particular profession because they are either less in number or they are simply taking up roles that make them be considered either lesser males or females. This is considered in light of the belittling roles that women have been subjected to over the years because of their gender orientation. In the past, there were certain jobs that were reserved for male gender owing to their intensive nature. It was thus considered as work that women could not engage in and if they did, there would be repercussions. Society would regard them as misfits and socialization with them would be naturally forbidden or undertaken under different scenarios (Chodorow, 2004). Gender minority status results from observed differences in behavior and personality between the genders that result from a person's innate personality. Personality is affected by culture and social interaction with other members of society and is largely not att ributable to physiological and biological differences. There are those who perceive that children learn to orient themselves towards their gender roles as a result of their learned observations and interactions with their environment (Chodorow, 2004). Boys are often provided with tools that are used to manipulate their environment like vehicles, trucks and engines while females are often dressed up with pink frilly dresses and provided with dolls that have pretty hair and makeup. In so doing, girls learn that they are objects to be viewed and as such

Undocumented, Indispensable by Anna Quinden Essay

Undocumented, Indispensable by Anna Quinden - Essay Example The primary claim of the author that immigrant issue has already assumed a proportion that has to be addressed seriously was well positioned. Quinden did not put her main argument nonchalantly or straightforwardly but rather, she used colorful descriptions and analogies that engage the readers. She used the description of geologic earthquake and comparing the march to the other important marches such as march about Vietnam War and feminist rallies. After engaging the reader about her claim, she then conditioned the reader to her arguments that there side of the arguments that were not considered about immigrants such as their contributions through the taxes they pay that they may in fact be the one helping to keep the system afloat. It also helped to mention that they are being demonized as social costs when in fact they work and also contribute to the social security yet not entitled to full benefits. In essence, Quinden humanized the issue that immigrants are not devils or social s ecurity malaise that drains our resources but rather as individuals who helps to keep our way of life. They may have kept wages down but they also keep the prices our homes cheap and ensure that our foods are cheap. Such, many employers who are also campaign contributors turn their eyes the other way about the immigration status of their worker. And perhaps they may be doing this because they are waiting for immigration laws to be more responsive to the reality of the times. Immigrants are workers and therefore are taxpayers.

High And Low Involvement Product

High And Low Involvement Product Intel Corporation is founded by Robert Noyce and Gordon Moore in year 1968, and allocated at United States, and slowly grow to be the leader of the market of microprocessor market. Microprocessor is one of the part of the computer and most of the people called it as the brain of the computer, it actually help to transfer data from the computer to the other data storage and respond to the hardware for an example show the word we type on monitor and others. From year 1968, Intel Corporation start to introduce several famous series of microprocessor like MCS-40 family, Pentium series, Atom series, Core 2 Duo series, i3 series,i5 series and the latest i7 series. For this assignment that brand or series of microprocessor introduced by Intel will be Intel Core i7 series which as know as the best microprocessor for the time. High and Low involvement decision making For Intel microprocessor product such as i7, it actually could be categorized in to both level of involvement. For the consumer who wanted to have a very good performance and long lasting processor they will do lots of research on the certain products and for the consumer who always purchase the Intel processor are also a high level of brand loyalty due to their purchase history in processor is just Intel, most of them will have a feeling that they only want Intel as the processor but not others like AMD, beside that Intel Core I7 also consider as a high price product compare to the other microprocessor. So in this case, Intel i7 is a high involvement products but at the same time due to the risk taken by the consumer to purchases it actually it just a low involvement product. Consumer decision making process Consumer decision making process is a cognitive process which start when a awareness of needs of the consumers and it ends when the consumer have dispose that particular product or service. In consumer decision making process, there are numerous different model but in this assignment the model that we will go through deeply will be the 5 stages of consumer decision making process. http://www.web-books.com/eLibrary/Books/B0/B64/IMG/fwk-tanner-fig03_002.jpg The Five Stages of Consumer Decision Making Process The five of the consumer decision making process will be, need recognition, search for product information, product evaluation, product choice and purchase, postpurchase use and evaluation of product, disposal of the product. Need recognition In this stage, consumer will concerned about what they want. For an example, a consumer actually found out that they need a better computer to play games or to do work, then they will start determine that what kind of processor they actually need, a better performance microprocessor come with a high graphic support for gaming or just a normal microprocessor for normal usage. Search for Product Information When the customer recognized what they want, they will look for information about microprocessor. For an example, there is a customer who realizes that he need a high performance of microprocessor for gaming then he will started to look for information of the existed product no matter from Intel or AMD. Product Evaluation When the customer finished on looking information in the microprocessor market, they might start to compare several product deeply to ensure which one will be the best for him to purchase. For gaming usage, the customer might choose Intel Core I7 and AMD Opteron as the choices available due to the performance that the product that can supply, and they might choose other product like Intel Core 2Duo or AMD Turion for their choice just because of the cheaper price and durability for normal usage. Product Choice and Purchase When the customer finish compare the featured between the microprocessor they choose, they will come to this stage to choose the product which they think is the best and purchase it mean the customer might purchase Intel Core I7 because after comparison they found out this microprocessor can provide a better performance and the reputation of this product is also good compare to the other microprocessor after the research made. Post purchase uses and Evaluation of the Product After consumes of Intel Core I7, the customer will come to this stage to evaluate whether Intel Core I7 meet their expectation or it did not. The features that the consumer will evaluate might the performance of the microprocessor whether is it fast enough or smooth enough when they playing game and how long is the microprocessor last for, few months or few years. These attribute will be the features that the consumer will evaluate after they consumer or used the product. Psychological Core Attention From this advertisement, it actually attracts attention of the people while people saw it. This advertisement actually mentions that there is a series of new microprocessor being introduced to the market by Intel through the sentence stated in the advertisement. From this advertisement, it also mentions that the brand new series of the Intel microprocessor will also be faster and even smarter compare to the old series of the microprocessor. And this kind of attention we called it as selective attention. Intel also created a very popular stimulus attention to most of the consumer which is a start up sound of the Intel computer, and this unique sound have been memorized by most of the Intel user and they will know that while this unique sound started up when the people on their computer, their microprocessor must be Intel. Perception The brochure above is one of the products from Intel Core I7 series with the information. When there is a consumer going to a PC Fair and he received this brochure and he does not having any interest on getting a microprocessor, he will know the exists of this product but will not go deeply on it and this is one of the perceptual stage that we called exposure stage. For attention stage, that customer who in the PC Fair when he get this brochure and he having a intention of getting a good microprocessor for gaming or any other usage they will read this deeply and do the research of this product and compare to the other product and at the end they might create a certain sense to this product which might be fastest processor that he can be founded and when the sense is created, it will be another perceptual stage which we call interpretation stage. Motivation Motivation is a inner force which able to drive us to reach the target or goal set to achieve, the inner force might be desires or wishes. For motivation there actually 2 famous theories which able to apply to product and services which is: Maslows Hierachy of Needs W. J. McGuire psychological motives W. J. McGuire psychological motives W. J. McGuire had list out 16 different needs of motive and from this advertisement we know that this actually attract 2 of the needs that have been listed. Needs of stimulus is the first needs that created by this advertisement, this need actually mention that the consumer will always seeking for change due to the boringness or some other reason. So while consumer have been fed up with the old computer which giving a very slow performance. And they will start to look for the information and might adopt Intel Core I7 to fulfill their needs. Teleological need is the second needs created by the advertisement while the consumer always think that their microprocessor should be able to support their computer to run the game fast and smooth but at the end it actually unable to do so. So they will try to look for a new item which able to fulfill their ideal situation, the microprocessor will able to make the game fast and smooth so when they saw the sentence fastest processor on planet, this will attract them and they might try to adopt it to fulfill their need. Learning A consumer might be learns about the featured of the processor due to the performance and durability while the people around him purchase a different microprocessor. So while there is a reward and a punishment given through the evaluation of product from the consumer, he might adopt Intel Core I7 because it might get a better evaluation from the others Memory For consumer who not so interested on purchasing a processor, they would not pay much attention on the attributes of Intel Core i7, so the memory toward the featured of the product is just a short memory while there is a consumer who being very motivated to search for a ideal processor, he will go and do lots of research and comparison between Intel Core i7 and the other processor while he keep doing comparison and research, the memory against the product will slightly change to be a long term memory due to the time he went through it. Attitude Attitude is the feeling on what we feel on certain thing that we can see, touch or heard through our sensory organ and this will be a part of long term memory in our brain and the long term memory will slowly be a belief. While we use Intel processor and we actually satisfy with the product through the durability and the performance, so through the experience we will create a certain belief in Intel that the quality of product is the best and this is a long term belief in our heart and brain. While this belief is stay strong in our mind, other competitors like AMD is very unlikely to convince them to purchase AMD processors. In year 2006, Intel runs a marketing strategy which consists 3 basic strategies that used to change the attitude. The 3 basic include will be change belief, shift importance and changing ideal point. The marketing strategy actually is running a campaign named Sponsor of Tomorrow. In this campaign, Intel trying to change the belief of customer which think that they are just a business organization by telling them the company is not only a business organization but also a company which trying to create a better future through technology and they also trying to tell the consumer that the money is not so important while customer paying a higher price for Intel microprocessor, they also giving a fund to Intel as a sponsor of creating a better tomorrow. Besides that, Intel also trying to changing a ideal point of consumer towards a microprocessor when they are purchasing a Intel microprocessor, they are not obtaining a best processor but also helping Intel to build a better tomorrow. Culture Culture is a ways of life which including but not limited to, language, art, science, thought, spirituality, social activity and interaction. Culture actually is words that represent the entire element mentioned and it would always change due to the different environment that we stay and we born. Nowadays as a modern world, among the teenagers around 7 years old to 20 years old there is a new culture, which called gaming culture. Gaming culture is a culture that the people would enjoy on playing video or computer games and this actually lead to increase of demand of the service of cyber cafà ©, due to the increment of demand. To satisfy the needs and wants from the teenagers cyber cafà © will always need to upgrade their facilities which consists of ram, processor, sound card and the monitor. Intel Core i7 as the latest and the fastest processor will be one of the first choice for those cyber cafà © because it able to provide better performance and the better performance will able to increase the reputation and the sales of the shop. So due this kind of situation, the gaming culture actually increases the awareness of Intel Core i7 among the cyber cafà © to improve their facilities and business. Subculture Subculture is a segment of a culture which having a different social status, history background and belief. For gaming culture, there also a numerous subcultures, such as online gaming culture, Local Area Network (LAN) gaming culture and single playing game culture. For online gaming and single playing game culture, those gamer will most likely to play the game at home but not like the Local Area Network gamers who prefer to play at cyber cafà © to enjoy the group gaming, they would like to upgrade their own computer at home to enjoy the games, so they will pay attention the Intel Core i7 which have a better performance compare to the others and do certain research and purchase it to enjoy their games. Society Society formed by a group of people decided to work together to reach same target or goal. The goal might be form by entertainment, profession, religious or some other factors. For an example, there a group of teenagers who like to play games and have decide to come together just to form a society to enjoy the fun of the game while they started to enjoy game together, they will started to compare the function of the processor due to the performance given when they playing game. Intel Core i7 as the fastest processor will be aware by those people in sense of good performance and able to maximize the satisfaction on gaming. Life cycle stage Life cycle stage consists of 4 different stages which represent our life and started with the day we born. The stages in our life cycle will be child, teenager, adult and aged. Child is the stage while we had born and before 12 years old, teenager will start from 12 years old to 30 years old people, adult will be stage around 30 years old to 50 years old, and the aged will be the people who is exceed 50 years old. For different life cycle stages, people will have different needs and wants with different purchasing power due to the ability they have. For child, they would not have a high purchasing power so they cannot afford a luxury thing and they might not even know what the use of luxury goods, they would just simply like candy which adult and the aged would not adopt. For the segmentation of Intel, Intel Core i7 actually is targeting the teenagers which would like to play game with a good processor and this product is actually affordable for people who around 22 years old once th ey start working. Group The reference group that will help Intel to influence other will be the associative reference group. While there are a group of teenager are using Intel Core i7 for gaming, the new member who not using that product will feel uncomfortable while they talking about the performance of the computer, this lead to the awareness of that member on Intel Core i7 to do research or purchase it Segementation, Positiong and Target Market Intel Core i7 TM Intel Pro 2 Core Intel Core i3 AMD Phenom MCS-40 family Intel Core i5 AMD Opteron Intel Xeon Low Performance Less Innovative High Performance Performance Innovative Asus AMD Turion AMD Athlon Intel Pentium Series AMD K7 series Graph 1: Perceptual mapping against microprocessor available in market (without a support from a statistic data) Segmentation Segmentation is a marketing strategy that used to pick a small group of people from the entire market by different attributes like ageing, height, weight and others. http://www.statistics.gov.my/portal/index.php?option=com_contentview=articleid=54%3Apopulation-updated-31072009catid=35%3Akey-statisticsItemid=53lang=en Demographic Demographic is one of the best information to segment the market through the ageing, for Intel, they actually targeting the segmentation of the age of 15 to 30, because for this ageing area, most of the citizen will interested to have a better performance of processor for gaming so this actually categorise as Intel Core i7 targeted market. Target Market For Intel Core i7 targeted market will be the consumer is age of 15 to 30, due to the favourable on getting a high performance processor for gaming and following the trend of innovative. Because of this reason, Intel would not like to target the age which is below 15 or above 30 is because of the purchasing power of peopl below 15 is unable to afford that processor and people who above 30 will not interested on the innovative item and the performance of the processor for gaming as well. Positioning In most of the consumer perceptual mapping, Intel Core i7 actually is the lastest and its also the best product due to the confident tag line it having fastest processor on planet and lead to a trend that they think that this is the best product compare to other product like AMD Opteran, Intel i3 and i5 from the speed performance of processor and the graphic supply as well. Product Repositioning For every product, consumer will have a different perceptual mapping against them and their competitors, to reinforce the perceptual level of consumer against their product, most of the company will choose to use different packaging, advertisement slogan and others factors which is useful. For an example, Intel Core i7 advertisement will be one of the product repositioning, due to the sentence wrote in the advertisement fastest processor on the planet this actually did reinforce the perceptual level of the consumer against Intel Core i7 due to the performance level and innovative level because this product is the fastest processor in the planet nowadays, if without this sentence, the perceptual level of consumer will definitely drop. Product Mix Strategy Product Intel Core I7 processor having a better performance and better durability and high graphic support which able to attract the attention of the gamer in the market at the range of age between 20 to 30 years old. Price The cheapest Intel Core I7 processor in Malaysia will cost around RM800.00 which could be consider as a expensive product compare to the other competitors or other Intel product. Intel Core I7 consider as a valuable purchase even those the price is slightly expensive compare to the other due to the performance and the durability given by the product and the licensed operating system Window will also given free while consumer purchase a Intel processor. Place Intel Core I7 processor is a very common processor that able to be found in any IT retailer shop. Except IT retailer shop, Intel Core I7 also can be found in most of the laptop or desktop retailer shop like Dell, Hp Compaq, Acer and Logitech. Promotion In Malaysia, Intel did not do much of the promotion, there just a little advertisement of Intel in Malaysia which mostly appear in Astro TV at ESPN channel, even those not every citizen will aware of Intel Advertisement but there still will be a grow of awareness increase from the advertisement.

Marie de Frances Eliduc, Boccaccios Ninth Tale of the Fifth Day, and Shakespeares As You Like It :: comparison compare contrast essays

Comparing Women in Marie de Frances' Eliduc, Boccaccio's Ninth Tale of the Fifth Day, and Shakespeare's As You Like It    Whether it is Greco-Roman, Judeo-Christian, or Renaissance writing, women have always played a significant role in literature. Sometimes they act as counterparts to men, but sometimes they dominate the storyline themselves. Helen of Troy, Guildeluec, Monna Giovanna, and Rosalind, among others, prove to be just as vital characters as the men in their stories. Whether it is beauty, kindness, or strength, each one contributes significantly to the grandeur of the classic in which she is a part. Helen of Troy is perhaps one of the most famous women of all literature. It is her beauty that Paris desires, and it is her abduction by this handsome youth that brings the Greeks and Trojans to war. Helen is powerful although the Hellenic tradition stresses the importance of men's achievement. Sparking a war is quite a task for one woman to accomplish, and yet Helen in Homer's The Iliad does not play an active role as Achilles does. She is a stereotypical beautiful woman, whose physical appearance is all that counts, and her beauty becomes only a curse. As a woman, she is no more than an object of possession. Nowhere in the epic does the reader really gain insight into how she thinks or feels. In Marie de Frances' "Eliduc," Guildeluec is Eliduc's wife, or first wife, who is a devout Christian. She, as well as the story, puts great importance on the pleasing of God. The Judeo-Christian tradition is known for God's adoration rather than man's achievement. The portrayal of Guildeluec, which is rather unrealistic, adds to the story's fairy-tale style. Guildeluec is the loyal wife who waits patiently at home while her husband fights for the good of his country as well as his Lord. She waits patiently once again when he leaves to help another king since his own monarch no longer trusts him. Eliduc meets the king's daughter and falls in love, despite the fact that he has promised his wife he would never leave her. When Guildeluec realizes that her husband is in love with another woman, she not only saves this woman's life, but gives her to Eliduc as well. The fairy-tale characteristics come into play here because no woman in real life would be so kind if her husband cheated on her.

Corporate Culture and the Enterprise Architect

All companies have their own unique corporate culture which is evident in their work environment. Also known as company culture, corporate culture stands for the company’s values, beliefs and behaviors (Kotelnikov, 2009). Usually expressed in companies’ vision and mission statements, it also gives the company and its employees a united identity. Company cultures are distinctive – they are unique to each company’s history.Similar to a person’s personality, corporate culture is the result of the assimilation of all the values, habits, ethics, and goals that the company has developed over the years (Heathfield, 2009).The growth experience has enabled companies to identify their strengths, weaknesses, and company goals. From these, they build their vision statements for the company. Thus, whether they describe the kind of customer service their company offers or the integrity and progressive-thinking their company has, vision statements essentially make up companies desired corporate culture. Corporate culture drives the company’s working environment and organizational structure. It is represented in each employee’s language, priorities, work practice and business decisions (Heathfield, 2009).Every single employee has a hand in shaping the company’s environment and corporate culture. Though company founders and executives draft the desired and beneficial culture, all employees contribute to its actualization. Still, there is not any underestimating work leaders’ capacity for influencing and instructing lower-level employees regarding the proper interpretation and practice of their company’s corporate culture. Even more so if the leader’s opinions and actions are witnessed and followed by many employees. One such work leader with the opportunity to influence fellow employees is the Enterprise Architect (EA).On paper, the EA works for the company’s Information Technology (IT) side. Ho wever, the dynamic roles and responsibilities requires the EA to constantly cross boundaries and priorities between the business and technology processes thereby allowing him or her to have influence on both aspects. Adams described the EA as the technology strategy manager and implementer (cited in Walker, 2007). The EA acts as a project manager responsible for handling a wide span of IT domains such security, infrastructure and information architecture (Walker, 2007).He or she is also in charge of creating and developing the company’s IT strategy. The EA directs the current state of IT architecture, and plans the needed improvements. The EA defines the future of their company’s technology and also build the transition technology (Walker, 2007). At the same time, he or she should prioritize the business side of the company and consider business cost savings, advance vendor relations and empower his or her staff (Walker, 2007). The EA is also accountable to following t he company’s corporate culture and standards.He or she must be able to successfully and effectively merge the interests and priorities of IT strategies and organizational policies and standards. Being the EA allows one much responsibility and influence over many employees, even crossing the boundaries of the technology and business aspects of the company. It is vital then that the EA believes and is directed by his or her company’s corporate culture. By doing so, he or she identifies with the company visions and goals, and shares its business practices.Heathfield (2009) writes that company cultures envision and work towards the creation of a productive and enriching environment. Therefore by aligning one’s own values with that of the company, the EA increases his or her motivation for working making him or her more productive and effective. Also, an EA who believes in the corporate culture believes that he or she is working under desirable work environment. Apar t from increasing his or her motivation, the EA also has an improved loyalty and therefore longevity with the company.According to Walker (2007), an EA needs not only to be technology proficient but also business savvy. Knowing the industry and the company culture helps the EA understand how the much and what kind of technology will affect and advance the entire company (Walker, 2007). An EA who is aware and agrees with the corporate culture, the personality of the company, is better suited in building IT processes and executing IT strategies that complement business functions. The knowledge of the corporate culture definitely results into competence and confidence for the EA.Walker (2007) believes that this consequently adds to his or her credibility and leadership skills. If the EA him or her self believes and behaves according to the tenets of their company culture and goals, then he or she is seen as a credible and trustworthy leader. The EA is able to effectively pass on the vi sion of the company to the lower-level employees thereby helping them identify with the company and encouraging them to perform remarkable work. As a leader, the EA holds responsibility in training and making sure that all IT staff is performing at top level.He or she should also be able to foster productive collaborations and intimacies amongst teams and between employees and the company (Kouzes & Posner, 2003). Since value alignment between employees and culture increases efficiency and passion to work, the EA must also inspire all workers to believe and participate in their culture (Walker). Heathfield (2009) asserts that corporate culture is learned and is shared through interaction. Thus the EA must be an effective and reliable model for the team. He or she must inspire others by becoming an example of the virtues and behavior he or she asks of others.The value of the EA being directed by his or her company’s culture is beneficial for the company, the EA him or her self, and the other employees under the influence of the EA. Their behavior and beliefs shape and actualize the corporate culture. It also improves their motivation for their work thereby increasing their productivity and chances of successfully reaching the goals of their organization. References Heathfield, S. M. (2009). Culture: Your environment for people at work. About. com Retrieved February 27, 2009 from http://humanresources.about. com/od/organizationalculture/a/culture. htm Kouzes J. M. & Posner, B. Z. (2003) The Leadership Challenge Workbook. San Francisco, California: Jossey-Bass Kotelnikov, V. (2009). What is corporate culture?. Business E-coach. Retrieved February 27, 2009 from http://www. 1000ventures. com/business_guide/crosscuttings/culture_corporate. html Walker, M. (2007 Jul). A day in the life of an enterprise architect. Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved February 27, 2009 from http://msdn. microsoft. com/en-us/architecture/bb945098. aspx

Portrait of an Artist as a Young Man

Every child becomes an adult—a boy to a man, a girl to a woman. In the novel, Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, published in 1916 by an Irish writer, James Joyce illustrates the protagonist, Stephen Dedalus, and his journey to seek for identity. While the title of the novel insinuates that the protagonist is going to become an artist, the novel also portrays Stephen’s sense of isolation that comes from the ambiguity and bewilderment that he experiences with his family, society, and country. As the novel begins, Stephan is still young and because of a lack of knowledge and experience, he fells small and weak.Stephen goes through a severe portrayal of the injustices and intricacy of childhood as a child trying to grasp a clear image of the world; Joyce depicts the impression of a child in a world regulated for adults. When â€Å"[Stephen] turned to the flyleaf of the geography and read†¦ Sallins/ Country Kildare/ Ireland/ Europe/ The World/ The Universe,† (Joyce, 13) thinking about the boundaries of the universe, Stephen attempts to identify himself by placing himself in the world by his geographic position.In addition, when he contemplates the overwhelming ideas of God and the limits of his political knowledge, which seems to be so significant to the adults. This shows the reader the isolation Stephen feels as a young child from the world. In short, this essay will analyze how Stephen alienation with his environment affects him to finds his own identity as an artist. During Stephen’s childhood, he feels isolated more in relation to his family and the society.When Stephen encounters into the duty of revealing the rector that Father Dolan has been inequitable with him at the Clongowes Wood College, he comes to a decision not take any actions at one point. â€Å"No, it was best to hide out of the way because when you were small and young you could often escape that way,† (48) Stephen thinks about his colleagues in the sc ene when he is questioned whether he will go to the rector or not. In this scene, Stephen understands the children’s world.He knows that â€Å"fellows [tells] him to go, but they would not go themselves† (48). However, after he tells the rector about Father Dolan, even though his fellows cheer for Stephen’s bravery and turnout to be here, he soon becomes alone. â€Å"He was happy and free: but he would not be anyway proud with Father Dolan. He would be very quiet and obedient: and he wished that he could do something kind for him to show him that he was not proud† (51) it states, emphasizing that Stephen knew that nothing would hange and the fact that he felt weak and small after all—a sense of isolation from his colleagues and adults. Soon after he experiences the sense of isolation from his colleagues, Stephen is introduced to the change in Dedalus’ financial situation. Moving into a â€Å"cheerless house† (57) in Dublin with his fa mily, Stephan recognizes that his father is the cause for he is a financial failure. This allows Stephen to become self conscious and acrimonious, humiliated by the â€Å"change of fortune† (58).Illustrating the Dedalus’ first night in their new house, where â€Å"the parlor fire would not draw [and the] half furnished uncarpeted room [was bathed in a] bare cheerless house† (57) makes Stephen’s â€Å"heart heavy† (57) with the â€Å"intuition and foreknowledge† (57) that it is his father who is responsible for the decline. Furthermore, Stephen starts to feel separated from his father. Despite the fact that Simon Dedalus is unsuccessful to manage the family’s financial needs, he his somwhat anxious of his children’s quality of education.Yet, Simon lets down Stephen by treating Stephen’s collision with Father Conmee—a triumphant moment in Stephen’s young life—with a â€Å"hearty laugh† (63) with his friends This event makes Stephen to feel degraded and patronized by his elders, thus starts to isolate himself from his father. Prior to analyzing the relationship between Stephen’s isolation to seek for his identity, it is important to note several backgrounds on Ireland.Around the time in which this novel was published, Ireland was colonized by England until April 24, 1916. (Parnell and Davitt) During the period of colonization by the Britain, along with the political tensions between the two nations, there was also a religious tension between the Catholics and the Protestants. Basically, the Catholics, including Joyce, were the Irish who supported Irish independence and contrary to this were the Protestants who wished to continue united with Britain. Fearghal McGarry) By the time Joyce was born, the Irish independence movement—the Fenian Movement—was wide-spreading by an Irish nationalist, Charles Stewart Parnell; however, his longstanding affair with a married woman caught, causing many followers to reject him as a leader and the Catholic church to condemn him. (Parnell and Davitt) This historical event can be seen within the surface of the novel and precisely in the Christmas dinner scene when Stephan’s relatives are discussing about politics. To sum up, such humiliating troubles within the country have perhaps caused Stephen to isolate himself from Ireland.In chapter 3, Joyce describes the isolation of the Catholic boy from his home country, Ireland. Stephen, who has been frequenting prostitutes, has lost faith. â€Å"[Stephen’s] soul was fattening an congealing into a gross grease, plunging ever deeper in its dull fear into a somber threatening dusk while the body that was his stood, listless and dishonoured, gazing out of darkened eyes, helpless, perturbed, and human for a bovine god to stare upon,† (98) it says, to show the awareness of Stephen’s sins and his â€Å"dishonoured† body causes t his moment of dull horror.Because Stephen feels sinful, it triggers him to dream of hell, â€Å"[a] field of stiff weeds and thistles and tufted nettle-bunches†¦[with] battered canisters and clots and coils of solid excrement. † (120) And the narrator continues, â€Å"An evil smell, faint and foul as the light, curled upwards sluggishly out of the canisters and from the stale crusted dung,† (120) giving the reader grotesque scenery with, â€Å"Goatish creatures with human faces, hornybrowed, lightly bearded and grey as indiarubber†¦[that moves in the field,] hither and thither† (120).The goats wandering in this scene are symbols of animalistic, primal, and bestial culture of Ireland that manipulates the youths with language. As well as the murmuring sounds and the â€Å"soft language† (120) of the goats, the usage of the repetition of â€Å"hither and thither† also represents the hollow voices that are spoken from the adults to Stephen to become an Irishmen.Joyce claims that this culture of Ireland, adults bringing up children with hollow voices, have been rooted long ago and will be everlasting, which can be seen as he describes the goats, â€Å"[moving] in slow circles, circling closer and closer to enclose, †¦their long swishing tail besmeared with stale shite, thrusting upwards their terrific face† (120). Recognizing Ireland as a dead country, Stephen begins to show clear detachment from his country. Stephen’s schoolmate, Mat Davin insists Stephen to become one of â€Å"us†, to declare his Irish nationality and to stop searching for potentials from England and France of artistic muse.In a revealing conversation, Davin asks Stephen if he is even Irish. Here, Davin comprehends an Irishmen as a nationalist who desires Ireland to become independent from England, the colonizer. In other words, Davin means being united with the people rather than standing back from them with a sneer. On the o ther hand, for Stephen, though, being Irish means being all that he is, containing all the contradictions of a colonized subject. â€Å"The soul is born, [Stephen] said vaguely, first in those moments I told you of. It has a slow and dark birth, more mysterious than the birth of the body.When the soul of a man is born in this country there are nets flung at it to hold it back from flight. You talk to me of nationality, language, religion. I shall try to fly by those nets,† (179) Stephen says, explaining the chances taken he is aware of as an heir in Ireland to his nationalist colleague, Davin. Rather than viewing the Fenian Movement as a potential for artistic inspiration, Stephen inspects the situation of Irish life as a downside. Stephen gradually becomes emotional through this conversation and initiate to treat it quite roughly, as he questions Davin, â€Å" ‘Do you know what Ireland is? asked Stephen with cold violence. Ireland is the old sow that eats her farrow,à ¢â‚¬  (179). Here, Stephan metaphorically stresses that Ireland destroys its won children: a fate he wishes to avoid. Therefore, Ireland’s thwarted sense of nationhood devours Irishmen. To sum up, for Stephen, Ireland is a trap, restricting his independence and identity. In the last sections of the novel, Stephens seems to have settled his mind and ascetics about the world, and ready to isolate himself from his past—family, friends, , Ireland—to gain freedom.When Stephen has a conversion with Cranly, Stephen’s best friend at the university, Stephen says, â€Å"Look here, Cranly, [†¦] you have asked me what I would do and what I would not do. I will tell you wat I will do and what I will not do. I will not serve that in which I no longer believe, whether it call itself my home, my fatherland, or my church: and I will try to express myself in some mode of life or art as freely as I can and as wholly as I can, using for my defense the only arms I allo w myself to use – silence, exile, and cunning. (218) Here, finally, Stephen demonstrates a clear and precise understanding of who he is. He is defined by his artistic goals and by his idealistic ambition to be true to his beliefs. While Joyce ends the novel at the point where Stephen departs from Ireland, this may be an interesting question for the reader to consider of: after leaving his country, how will Stephen see his home country when time passes? Work Cited Books †¢ Joyce, James, John Paul.Riquelme, Hans Walter Gabler, and Walter Hettche. A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man: Authoritative Text, Backgrounds and Contexts, Criticism. New York: W. W. Norton, 2007. Print. Internet †¢ McGarry, Fearghal. â€Å"The Irish War of Independence aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A Religious War? Part I. † The Irish War of Independence aâ‚ ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" A Religious War? Part I. WPSHOWER & MOODYGUY, 2010. Web. 19 Mar. 2012. . †¢ â€Å"Parnell and Davitt. † Irish Identity. Web. 20 Mar. 2012. .